Phylogenetic relationships and description of two new species of Diapoma (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the La Plata River basin

Herein we describe two new species of Diapoma, one from the Negro River, a tributary of the Uruguay River in Brazil and Uruguay, and one from the Iguaçu River, in Brazil and Argentina. The new species from the Negro River basin is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: a black narrow and conspicuous line restricted to the body horizontal septum, incomplete lateral line, tricuspid teeth in the inner series of the premaxilla, and a lower body depth at vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (29.3-32.8% SL in males and 27.7-33.3% SL in females). The new species from the Iguaçu River basin is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous lateral line, adipose fin hyaline, longer anal-fin base (26.5-32.4% SL), and a longitudinal black stripe along the median region of caudal-fin rays. Additionally, we updated the molecular phylogeny of the genus, including new sequences from these two new species and Diapoma thauma. An identification key for species of Diapoma is presented, modified from previous study.(AU)

Neste trabalho descrevemos duas espécies novas de Diapoma, uma do rio Negro, afluente do rio Uruguai, Brasil e Uruguai, e a segunda do rio Iguaçu, Brasil e Argentina. A espécie nova do rio Negro é diagnosticada de suas congêneres pela combinação das seguintes características: uma linha preta, estreita e conspícua restrita ao septo horizontal do corpo, linha lateral incompleta, dentes da série interna da pré-maxila tricuspidados, e baixa altura do corpo na vertical que passa pela origem da nadadeira dorsal (29,3-32,8% SL em machos e 27,7-33,3% SL em fêmeas). A espécie nova do rio Iguaçu é diagnosticada de suas congêneres pela combinação das seguintes características: linha lateral descontínua, nadadeira adiposa não pigmentada de preto, base da nadadeira anal longa (26,5-32,4% SL) e raios médios da nadadeira caudal com uma linha preta longitudinal. Adicionalmente, atualizamos a filogenia molecular do gênero, incluindo novas sequências destas duas espécies novas e de Diapoma thauma. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Diapoma é apresentada, modificada de estudo anterior.(AU)

Fístula retroauricular complicada asociada a disgenesia mayor del oído externo. Reporte de un caso / Complicated retroauricular fistula with external ear major dysgenesis. A case report

Las anomalías de las hendiduras y arcos branquiales son la segunda causa más común de lesiones congénitas de cabeza y cuello en niños. Representan el 8% de todas las malformaciones congénitas y el 30% de las de cabeza y cuello. Pueden permanecer asintomáticas o manifestarse como una tumefacción y asociarse a infecciones recurrentes supuradas en la región preauricular, subauricular o retroauricular, en las regiones de la parótida y/o del cuello. Fueron reportados casos asociados a malformaciones óticas.La tomografía computada de alta resolución y la resonancia magnética con gadolinio pueden ayudar al diagnóstico. El tratamiento médico antibiótico está indicado ante una infección aguda, además de incisión y drenaje en los procesos abscedados. El tratamiento definitivo es quirúrgico con la extirpación completa de la lesión. Se presenta a un niño de 6 años de edad con infección aguda en la región retroauricular derecha en el oído disgenésico

Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital head and neck lesions in children. The first congenital head and neck lesion is thyroglossal duct cysts. First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital head and neck malformations (8% of branchial cleft anomalies).The initial clinical manifestation was recurrent infections and/or discharge in auricular, periauricular, parotid or upper neck regions. These anomalies are extremely rare and other associated facial malformations were described.The computed tomography and magnetic resonance can help the diagnosis. The antibiotic treatment is indicated in acute infection. Also, incision and drainage are recommended in abscessed processes.In this report, we present a case of retroauricular sinus infection in a 6-year-old child with congenital ear anomalies

Mini-incision with endoscope-assisted surgery for bilateral congenital second branchial cleft fistula and a pedigree report / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of mini-incision with endoscope-assisted resection for bilateral congenital second branchial cleft fistula, and to report on a rare pedigree. Methods: The clinical data of 5 patients with bilateral congenital second branchial fistula admitted in Fujian Provincial Hospital from April 2007 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, including 2 males and 3 females, aged from 3 to 31 years old. The surgical strateges and clinical experience of single mini-incision with endoscope-assisted fistulectomy were summarized, and a rare pedigree was reported. Results: In five patients, Case 1 to Case 4 were treated with bilateral endoscopic-assisted fistula high ligation with titanium clips and removal through a single small incision under general anesthesia. No obvious complications occurred after the operation. The patients were followed up for 40-164 months with no fistula recurrence. Case 5 gave up surgical resection and was followed up for 24 months with acute infection attack once. Case 2 and Case 4 came from the same family. In this family, 7 out of 31 members of four generations had second branchial cleft fistulas, of which 4 were bilateral and 3 were right. Pedigree analysis was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. No deafness, preauricular tag, external and middle ear deformity and kidney malformation were found in the family members. Conclusions: Bilateral congenital second branchial cleft fistula is rare. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Mini-incision with endoscopic-assisted fistula high ligation with titanium clip and resection has clear operative field, ideal cosmetic effect and definite curative effect.

The effects of altered BMP4 signaling in first branchial-arch-derived murine embryonic orofacial tissues / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The first branchial arch (BA1), which is derived from cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, gives rise to various orofacial tissues. Cre mice are widely used for the determination of CNC and exploration of gene functions in orofacial development. However, there is a lack of Cre mice specifically marked BA1's cells. Pax2-Cre allele was previously generated and has been widely used in the field of inner ear development. Here, by compounding Pax2-Cre and R26R-mTmG mice, we found a specific expression pattern of Pax2

Parasitic lesions in fish in the Federal District, Brazil

Brazil has a vast territory and favorable climatic conditions that allow the cultivation of freshwater fish. The intensification of the productive system can cause an imbalance in the aquatic environment as a result of poor water quality, nutritional deficiencies and infectious or parasitic diseases. The laboratory diagnosis and the determination of the prevalence of the main lesions, which occur in a certain region, help to guide towards the etiological diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the main parasitic lesions in fish in the routine at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade de Brasília (UnB). All records of fish with parasitic lesions were recovered. Those cases in which there was an intralesional parasite and which presented lesions compatible with the parasite were included. The screening of ectoparasites was done by scraping the superficial mucus from the gills and skin. Organ sections were routinely processed for histopathologyand stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). In some records, parasitological identification was carried. The information was divided into the species of the affected fish, epidemiology of the outbreak (water quality, temperature, type of breeding), lesion distribution, etiology and macroscopic and microscopic changes. The resulting data was organized in absolute frequency and percentage. In this study, 22 cases were counted, between individual deaths and outbreaks, totaling 83 necropsied teleost fish. Inflammatory changes of parasitic origin were seen in 13/22 (59%) of the cases had lesions of parasitic origin. Skin lesions and gills were the most relevant. Macroscopically, red areas or spots of hyperemia or hemorrhage on the body surface were the most prevalent findings. Under microscopy, proliferative gill inflammation was the most relevant diagnosis. Pscinoodinium pilullare (Dinoflagellida), Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), and monogenetic worms (Monogenea) were the main parasites found. Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora), Ichtyobodo sp. (Kinetoplastida), Amoebas, and Chilodonella sp. (Ciliophora), were seen in fewer numbers. An unusual case suggestive of parasitism by Eustrongylides sp. (Nematoda), in a pirá-brasília (Simpsonichthys boitonei), specimen has been recorded. The diagnoses were based on epidemiology, anatomopathological and parasitological findings. The most frequent and significantly lethal lesion in the study was proliferative and / or hyperplastic branchitis. Proliferative branchitis with lamellar epithelial hyperplasia (LEH) is a response to some type of chemical or mechanical injury to the gill epithelium in order to protect the capillaries from further damage or microbial penetration. However, it also increases the diffusion distance between capillaries and the environment and, therefore, hinders breathing, excretory and osmoregulatory functions. Protozoan infections and monogenetic worms in general generated LEH and skin lesions of mechanical origin. Secondary bacterial infection, were observed in this parasitosis determining the cause of death of the fish. Its pathogenicity comes from the lesions caused by the colonization and histophagy of the epithelial surfaces, mainly gills and skin, causing epithelial proliferation, lamellar cell fusion, epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis forming several ulcers in the epithelium after the release of mature trophies. The pathogenesis of parasitism by Eustrongylides spp. is considerable when there is a large quantity of these larvae that can cause intestinal obstruction, rupture and compression of viscera, of greater importance in small fish. The main parasites of necropsied fish were protozoa and monogenetic worms, which mainly cause branquitis and dermatitis in varying grades.(AU)

Branchial cleft cyst in the parotid gland in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient

In branchial lymphoepithelial cyst (BLEC), which is also known as branchial cleft cyst, the remnants of a branchial arch develop into a cyst, causing swelling. The first case of BLEC in the parotid gland was reported by Hildebrant in 1895. Since then, BLEC in the parotid gland has continued to be reported, but in rare cases. A 45-year-old man presented to our hospital with a swelling of the left cheek of approximately 6 months’ duration. The patient underwent a superficial parotidectomy and was pathologically diagnosed with BLEC. Of note, this was the first case of non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related BLEC of the parotid gland in South Korea. BLEC is a benign condition, but its treatment depends on the presence of HIV infection. In HIV-negative patients, BLEC does not require a further work-up to evaluate metastasis. Our case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of BLEC in a patient without HIV.

Hey1 gene expression patterns during the development of branchial arches and facial prominences / Patrones de expresión del gen Hey1 durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales

ABSTRACT Objective. The present study aimed to describe in detail the expression patterns of the gene Hey1, an effector of the Notch pathway, during the development of branchial arches and facial prominences. Materials and methods. Fertilized chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs obtained from a local egg farm were incubated at 37.5 -38.5ºC with 70% relative humidity until the embryos reached Hamilton-Hamburger stages HH14 through HH25. Digoxigenin-UTP labeled probes Hey1 were generated from linearized plasmids with either T3 polimerase for in vitro transcription. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was then performed. At least 3 replicates (n=3) were obtained for each stage. To confirm the results observed in whole embryos, sagittal and coronal cryosectioning was performed using a thickness of 10 µm. Results. During developmental stages HH14 and HH18, Hey1 gene expression was localized to the endoderm of branchial pouches. Hey1 gene expression was also observed in the epithelium that covers the maxillary and mandibular prominences during developmental stages HH19 and HH21, as well as in the nasal epithelium between HH19 and HH25. Transcripts were also detected in the epithelium that covers the frontonasal prominence during stage HH21. Conclusions. These expression patterns suggest the participation of this component of the Notch signaling pathway in craniofacial morphogenesis, possibly establishing pharyngeal segmentation patterns during early stages and/or regulating cell proliferation and differentiation during the late stages of facial development.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir detalladamente los patrones de expresión del gen Hey1, un efector de la vía Notch durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales. Materiales y métodos. Se incubaron huevos fertilizados de pollo (Gallus gallus) obtenidos de una granja local entre 37.5-38.5ºC con humedad relativa del 70% hasta que los embriones alcanzaron los estadios HH14 hasta HH25 de Hamilton-Hamburger. Las sondas Hey1 marcadas con digoxigenina-UTP se generaron a partir de plásmidos linearizados con T3 polimerasa por transcripción in vitro. Luego se realizó hibridación in situ sobre embriones completos. Se obtuvieron al menos 3 repeticiones (n=3) para cada estadio. Para confirmar los resultados observados en embriones completos, se realizaron cortes sagitales y coronales de 10 µm. Resultados. Durante los estadios de desarrollo HH14 y HH18, la expresión del gen Hey1 se localizó en el endodermo de las bolsas branquiales. La expresión génica de Hey1 también se observó en el epitelio que cubre las prominencias maxilares y mandibulares durante las etapas de desarrollo HH19 y HH21, así como en el epitelio nasal entre HH19 y HH25. También se detectaron transcritos de Hey1 en el epitelio que cubre la prominencia frontonasal durante la etapa HH21. Conclusiones. Estos patrones de expresión sugieren la participación de este componente de la vía de señalización Notch en la morfogénesis craneofacial, posiblemente estableciendo patrones de segmentación faríngea durante las primeras etapas y / o regulando la proliferación y diferenciación celular durante las últimas etapas del desarrollo facial.

Hendidura congénita de la linea media diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico / Congenital midline cervical cleft diagnosis and surgical management

"Introducción: la hendidura congénita de la línea media cervical es una patología infrecuente, con pocos reportes en la literatura mundial y con una incidencia menor del 2% dentro de las malformaciones congénitas. Su etiología está relacionada con defectos en la fusión de los primeros arcos branquiales. Los hallazgos clínicos de un cordón fibroso con compromiso cutáneo en la línea media cervical permiten establecer el diagnóstico de una forma temprana y precisa en la mayoría de los casos sin requerir otros estudios. Objetivo: presentar el caso de una paciente de 18 años con una lesión a nivel cervical en línea media sugestiva de un quiste del conducto tirogloso, así como la técnica quirúrgica empleada para su resección. Diseño: reporte de caso. Métodos: se realizó una nasofibrolaringoscopia sin hallazgos patológicos y una TAC de cuello contrastado que mostró un tracto fibroso a nivel sublingual, sin colección. Se llevó a resección de la lesión mediante disección completa del cordón. Discusión: el diagnóstico de la hendidura congénita de la línea media se basa en los hallazgos clínicos de la lesión y es confirmado histológicamente. La baja relación del quiste del conducto tirogloso con otras malformaciones hace que las ayudas imagenológicas sean en la mayoría de los casos innecesarias, y en caso de sospecharse, la ecografía de tejidos blandos cervicales es suficiente. Conclusión: el manejo quirúrgico es la piedra angular del tratamiento basado en su resección y corrección mediante Z-plastia. Su realización en edades tempranas minimiza la posibilidad de secuelas tanto funcionales como estéticas."

"Introduction: congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare pathology (less than 2% of congenital malformations) with very few reports in worldwide medical literature and a low incidence. Its etiology is related to defects in the fusion of the first branchial arches during embryologic development. Diagnosis is established through the clinical finding of a fibrous cord with cutaneous compromise on the cervical midline, with no need of additional complex or expensive tests. Objective: to present the case of an 18-year-old patient with a midline cervical lesion suggestive of a thyroglossal duct cyst; and to explain the surgical technique used for its resection. Design: case report. Methods: a nasofibrolaryngoscopy was performed without pathological findings and a contrast neck CT which showed sublingual a fibrous tract, without collection. A complete cord dissection was carried out. Discussion: The diagnosis of the congenital midline cleft is based on the clinical exam and confirmed through the histological findings after its resection. The low relation of the thyroglossal duct cyst with other associated malformations makes that the imaging aids are in most cases unnecessary, and in case of suspicion, cervical soft tissue ultrasound is sufficient. Conclusion: surgical management is the cornerstone of treatment based on the resection of the lesion and correction using the z-plasty technique. This surgery should be carried out at a young age in order to minimize the possibility of functional and aesthetic sequelae."

A Case of Second Branchial Cleft Sinus with Double Opening from the Tonsil / 대한이비인후과학회지

Second branchial cleft anomaly is the most common type of branchial anomalies. Tonsillitis can cause inflammation or infection through the cleft tract. We present an extremely rare case of a 15-year-old female with a tonsil sinus that caused a deep neck infection of the neck, showing a double-sinus opening. The patient was successfully treated with trichloroacetic acid chemocauterization.

The Combination Therapy of Chemocauterization and Electrocauterization on Fourth Branchial Cleft Cyst

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fourth branchial cleft cyst is a rare congenital anomaly which cause a recurrent cervical abscess. Complete excision of fourth branchial cleft cyst is difficult because of a complicated fistula tract. In addition to attempting chemocauterization with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to avoid surgical complications, authors performed an electrocauterization to close internal opening of pyriform sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed ten patients of fourth branchial cleft cyst underwent TCA chemocauterization and electrocauterization simultaneously. Clinical characteristics including patient informations, medical records, treatment results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Interval time until diagnosed with fourth branchial cleft cyst was variable from several days to decades. Five patients had a history of incision and drainage. Mean follow up period was 36.1 months and all patients were treated with no recurrence. CONCLUSION: TCA chemocauterization with electrocauterization can be a effective choice to reduce recurrence rate and ensure safety of patients of fourth branchial cleft cyst.

Manejo endoscópico de anomalías del cuarto arco branquial: reporte de tres casos / Endoscopic management of anomalies of the fourth branchial arch: report of three cases

Las anomalías de cuarto arco branquial corresponden a una entidad patológica infrecuente. Para su manejo existen distintas alternativas terapéuticas siendo una de ellas la cauterización endoscópica. Reportamos 3 casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica en el Hospital Regional de Concepción luego de una revisión de fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalías de cuarto arco branquial. Se identificaron tres casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial. Todos corresponden a pacientes de sexo masculino que presentaron cuadro de absceso cervical, diagnosticándose 2 de ellos al presentar recurrencia. Todos fueron tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica de la apertura fistulosa en seno piriforme. Estas anomalías representan vestigios de un trayecto que se origina desde el vértice del seno piriforme. La cauterización endoscópica presenta una serie de ventajas con tasas de recurrencia similares a la cirugía abierta de cuello, menores tasas de complicaciones y costo económico. Las anomalias de cuarto arco branquial constituyen una patología infrecuente y el diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha clínica. El manejo endoscópico ha demostrado ser una alternativa segura y efectiva con menor tasa de complicaciones.

Anomalies of the fourth branchial arch correspond to an uncommon pathological entity. There are different therapeutic alternatives being one of them the endoscopic cauterization. We report 3 cases of fourth branchial arch anomalies treated by endoscopic cauterization in the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Review of clinical records of all patients with diagnosis of fourth branchial anomalies operated by endoscopic cauterization at the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Cases: Three cases of fourth branchial arch sinus were identified. All of them were male patients who presented with a cervical abscess, diagnosing 2 of them when they recurred. All 3 cases were treated by endoscopic cauterization of the fistulous opening in the piriform sinus. These anomalies represent vestiges of a path that originates from the apex of the piriform sinus. Endoscopic cauterization presents a number of advantages with recurrence rates similar to open neck surgery, with lower complication rates and economic cost. Fourth branchial anomalies constitute an uncommon pathology and the diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion. Endoscopic management has proven to be a safe and effective alternative with a lower rate of complications.

A Case of Unusual Type of Branchial Cleft Cyst Presenting as Superficial Midline Neck Mass / 대한이비인후과학회지

The most widely accepted hypothesis about the origin of branchial cleft cysts (BCC) is developmental theory. The second most accepted is acquired inflammatory theory. A 57-year-old woman visited our department, presenting with a soft and well-margined round superficial mass in the lower midline neck. We performed an excisional biopsy to confirm the disease. The mass was located superficial to the sternohyoid without severe adhesion and abnormal communication. The pathology was proven to be BCC. We presumed that this is irrelevant to the established developmental theory, and a recurrent pharyngeal inflammation might lead to the transformation of aberrant epithelium into a cervical lymph node. We report rare and unusual type of BCC with a literature review. To the best of our knowledge, there have been two similar clinical cases that have been reported earlier.

Excision of Second Branchial Cleft Cyst Via Retroauricular Approach without Assistance of Endoscopic or Robotic System / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, the surgical approach for the excision of second branchial cleft cysts involves performing a transverse cervical incision on the skin overlying the mass. Recently, there has been a significant interest on the cosmetic outcomes of this surgery, and it has been found that the retroauricular approach produces better results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a retroauricular approach for the excision of second branchial cleft cysts without the assistance of endoscopic or robotic system. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: From August 2013 to May 2016, a total of 12 patients with second branchial cleft cysts underwent surgery for the excision of the cyst via retroauricular approach, which involved an incision along the retroauricular sulcus and hairline. The surgical outcomes, complications, and subjective satisfaction with incision scars were assessed. RESULTS: In all 12 cases, the second branchial cleft cysts were removed successfully under direct vision and without the requirement of endoscopic assistance. The mean operation time was 80.3 min (range, 65-105 min). No significant complications were reported, such as skin flap necrosis, hematoma, seroma, or serious cranial nerve injury. The mean visual analogue scale score for subjective satisfaction with the incision scar was 8.8 (range, 7-10). CONCLUSION: The excision of second branchial cleft cysts via retroauricular approach without the assistance of endoscopic or robotic system is technically feasible and it provides a favorable cosmetic outcome.

A second branchial cleft cyst presenting as a dumbbell-shaped anterior neck mass

Branchial cleft anomalies are among the most common causes of congenital anterior neck masses in the pediatric population. They present as epithelial-lined, single cysts. The definitive management is surgical excision. However, failure to remove the entire cyst and tract may lead to recurrence of the mass. Unusual presentations of this condition may lead to incomplete excision if inadequately evaluated. There is a scarcity of material documenting atypical presentations of branchial cleft anomalies-- in particular, presentation as 2 distinct cysts in one region. In our literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar and HERDIN using the terms: "congenital mass," "branchial cleft cyst," and "multiple cysts," only 3 similar cases were found. We report a case of a second branchial cleft anomaly presenting as a dumbbell-shaped mass (two cystic structures, connected by a tubular structure) in the right lateral neck, the subsequent management and outcomes.

A second branchial cleft cyst presenting as a dumbbell-shaped anterior neck mass

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">Branchial cleft anomalies are among the most common causes of congenital anterior neck masses in the pediatric population. They present as epithelial-lined, single cysts. The definitive management is surgical excision. However, failure to remove the entire cyst and tract may lead to recurrence of the mass.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Unusual presentations of this condition may lead to incomplete excision if inadequately evaluated. There is a scarcity of material documenting atypical presentations of branchial cleft anomalies-- in particular, presentation as 2 distinct cysts in one region. In our literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar and HERDIN using the terms: "congenital mass," "branchial cleft cyst," and "multiple cysts," only 3 similar cases were found.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">We report a case of a second branchial cleft anomaly presenting as a dumbbell-shaped mass (two cystic structures, connected by a tubular structure) in the right lateral neck, the subsequent management and outcomes.</p>

Demographic and clinical profile of craniofacial clefts at comprehensive rehabilitation service in Uganda

Background: The true incidence of Craniofacial cleft (CFC) is unknown because of their scarcity and because of the difficulty in recognizing sometimes subtle physical findings in mild malformations. Craniofacial anomalies in the African population are reported infrequently. Aim: To contribute to the general literature on rare CFC in Uganda and Africa. Methods: we conducted a retrospective search of patient data over the period 2005 to May 2017 in the unit of plastic surgery of CoRSU (Comprehensive Rehabilitation Service in Uganda) hospital, a tertiary hospital in Uganda. Patient with a diagnosis of CFC were picked out. Sixty-six patient's files with clinical diagnosis of CFC including their clinical photographs were found. Frequency data was generated and a frequency distribution table with the observed data was constructed. Results: Sex distribution showed no significant difference between male and female (1:1,2);the age on admission ranged from 1 day to 83 years; according to the laterality of the cleft, unilateral CFC (left or right side) are more common than midline clefts (Tessier 0; 14; 0,14;30); however, according to the clinical type, Tessier cleft (TC) 0 is the most common TC in our series and is associated with holoprosencephaly. Fifty percent of CFC in our series are syndromic. TC 7 are common in male and have a bilateral predilection. Conclusion: CFC are a rare set of malformations for which there is a paucity of literature. There is a need to conduct a study with a larger series including CT-Scan in order to analyze more accurate clinical diagnosis

A Case of Ectopic Lateral Cervical Thymic Cyst Mimicking as a Second Branchial Cleft Cyst

Cervical thymic cysts are rare lesions of neck mass often misdiagnosed clinically as branchial cleft cyst and are mostly diagnosed, pathologically after surgery. The authors applied surgical resection to a 34-year-old man with right upper neck mass, which was misdiagnosed preoperatively as a second branchial cleft cyst. The pathological tissue examination result showed that the patient was diagnosed with a cervical thymic cyst. The thymic cyst of the lateral neck has not been reported from adult in Korean. Herein, we present the case with review of the related literature.

Ectopic Preauricular Sinus in a Facial Cleft and Microtia Patient

Preauricular sinus is a congenital malformation that is very commonly encountered among the general population and it has especially high prevalence among Asians when compared to other ethnic groups. It can often go unnoticed or easily overlooked by the patient or even by doctors because most of them are asymptomatic and is most of the time only a tiny pit that can be trivial in terms of aesthetics. We report a very rare and unique case that has no precedence what so ever; hence no reported case in the literature: an ectopic preauricular sinus in a facial cleft and microsomia patient.

Ectopic Preauricular Sinus in a Facial Cleft and Microtia Patient

Preauricular sinus is a congenital malformation that is very commonly encountered among the general population and it has especially high prevalence among Asians when compared to other ethnic groups. It can often go unnoticed or easily overlooked by the patient or even by doctors because most of them are asymptomatic and is most of the time only a tiny pit that can be trivial in terms of aesthetics. We report a very rare and unique case that has no precedence what so ever; hence no reported case in the literature: an ectopic preauricular sinus in a facial cleft and microsomia patient.